SEQUENCE Function in Excel
Master the SEQUENCE function to generate dynamic arrays of sequential numbers in Excel. Learn syntax, examples, and advanced techniques for automation.
Excel
Google SheetsExcelGoogle Sheets=SEQUENCE(rows, [columns], [start], [step])Quick Answer
Syntax: SEQUENCE function generates an array of sequential numbers automatically in Excel 365 and Google Sheets. Use it to create numbered lists, test data, and dynamic calendars without dragging formulas.
=SEQUENCE(rows, [columns], [start], [step])Practical Examples
Basic Number Sequence (1-10)
Creating a simple numbered list for an invoice or report
Custom Start and Step Values
Creating a sequence of even numbers from 10 to 28
2D Array - Multiplication Table
Creating a 10x10 multiplication table automatically
Date Sequence for Calendar
Generating a 30-day date sequence starting from today
Dynamic Dropdown Values with FILTER
Creating top N sales rankings dynamically
Descending Sequence with Negative Step
Countdown timer or decreasing priority list
Common Errors and Solutions
SEQUENCE function cannot spill into merged or occupied cells
The output array encounters cells that are already occupied, contain data, or are merged, blocking the spill range needed for the array output.
Clear the spill range by deleting content in cells below and to the right of the formula cell. Unmerge any merged cells in the spill path. Ensure there is sufficient empty space for the complete array output based on your rows and columns parameters.
Before using SEQUENCE, verify the spill area is completely empty. Use the Name Box to check array dimensions: rows × columns. For example, =SEQUENCE(5,3) requires 5 rows and 3 columns of empty space.
Example:
SEQUENCE receives invalid parameter types or values
Non-numeric values provided for rows, columns, start, or step parameters. This commonly occurs when referencing cells that contain text instead of numbers, or when parameters evaluate to errors.
Verify all parameters are numeric values. Convert text to numbers using the VALUE() function. Use INT() or ROUND() to convert decimal row/column values to integers. Check that all referenced cells contain valid numeric data.
Use data validation on parameter cells to restrict inputs to numeric values only. Add error checking with ISNUMBER() before calling SEQUENCE. Test with hardcoded numbers first before using cell references.
Example:
SEQUENCE array dimensions exceed limits or invalid size specified
Requesting an array larger than Excel's computational limits (approximately 16,777,216 total cells), or providing negative/zero values for the rows parameter, or extremely large values that cause memory issues.
Reduce row or column count to a manageable size. Ensure rows parameter is a positive integer greater than zero. Break large sequences into multiple smaller arrays if needed. Check for formula errors in cells that feed parameters to SEQUENCE.
Add validation before SEQUENCE: =IF(A1>1000, "Too large", SEQUENCE(A1)). Test with small values first (like 10 or 100) before scaling up to larger numbers. Be aware of practical memory limits on your system.
Example:
Advanced Tips and Best Practices
Dynamic Row Count from Data Range
Make SEQUENCE automatically adapt to your data size by using COUNTA or ROWS to determine the row count. This creates self-adjusting formulas that expand and contract with your data.
Combine with CHOOSECOLS for Column Selection
Generate dynamic column selections by combining SEQUENCE with CHOOSECOLS. This allows you to select specific columns or create rotating column views without manual selection.
Use Named Ranges for Parameters
Define SEQUENCE parameters as named ranges to make formulas more readable and enable easy adjustments from a centralized control panel. Instead of hardcoding values, reference named ranges like 'StartValue' or 'StepSize'.
Performance Considerations for Large Arrays
SEQUENCE arrays with more than 10,000 cells can impact workbook performance, especially when recalculated frequently. For complex workbooks with multiple large arrays, consider using manual calculation mode or limiting array sizes.
Create Fiscal Quarter and Period Sequences
Generate fiscal periods automatically with SEQUENCE combined with date and text functions. This is invaluable for financial reporting, budgeting, and time-series analysis.
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Example Excel formula:
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